[1] S. B. Han, J. Y. Hyon, S. J. Woo, J. J. Lee, T. H. Kim, and K. W. Kim, “Prevalence of dry eye disease in an elderly Korean population,” Arch. Ophthalmol., vol. 129, no. 5, pp. 633–638, 2011.
[2] C. Baudouin et al., “Clinical impact of inflammation in dry eye disease: proceedings of the ODISSEY group meeting,” Acta Ophthalmol., vol. 96, no. 2, pp. 111–119, 2018.
[3] C. Yazdani, T. McLaughlin, J. E. Smeeding, and J. Walt, “Prevalence of treated dry eye disease in a managed care population,” Clin. Ther., vol. 23, no. 10, pp. 1672–1682, 2001.
[4] M. McDonald, D. A. Patel, M. S. Keith, and S. J. Snedecor, “Economic and humanistic burden of dry eye disease in Europe, North America, and Asia: a systematic literature review,” Ocul. Surf., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 144–167, 2016.
[5] Y. Luo et al., “Annual Direct Economic Burden and Influencing Factors of Dry Eye Diseases in Central China,” Ophthalmic Epidemiol., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 121–128, 2023.
[6] C. Chan, S. Ziai, V. Myageri, J. G. Burns, and C. L. Prokopich, “Economic burden and loss of quality of life from dry eye disease in Canada,” BMJ Open Ophthalmol., vol. 6, no. 1, p. e000709, 2021.
[7] W. Yang et al., “Estimated annual economic burden of dry eye disease based on a multi-center analysis in China: a retrospective study,” Front. Med., vol. 8, p. 771352, 2021.
[8] I. Bakija, “Kvaliteta suznog filma u kroničnih shizofrenih bolesnika na dugotrajnoj terapiji antipsihoticima.” University of Zagreb. School of Medicine, 2021.
[9] Z. A. I. Y. Hasan, “Dry eye syndrome risk factors: A systemic review,” Saudi J. Ophthalmol., vol. 35, no. 2, p. 131, 2021.
[10] F. E. Hakim and A. V Farooq, “Dry eye disease: An update in 2022,” Jama, vol. 327, no. 5, pp. 478–479, 2022.
[11] B. Miljanović, K. A. Trivedi, M. R. Dana, J. P. Gilbard, J. E. Buring, and D. A. Schaumberg, “Relation between dietary n− 3 and n− 6 fatty acids and clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome in women,” Am. J. Clin. Nutr., vol. 82, no. 4, pp. 887–893, 2005.
[12] J. S. Wolffsohn et al., “Demographic and lifestyle risk factors of dry eye disease subtypes: a cross-sectional study,” Ocul. Surf., vol. 21, pp. 58–63, 2021.
[13] T. Kojima, M. Dogru, M. Kawashima, S. Nakamura, and K. Tsubota, “Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res., vol. 78, p. 100842, 2020.
[14] S. Nakamura et al., “Involvement of oxidative stress on corneal epithelial alterations in a blink-suppressed dry eye,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1552–1558, 2007.
[15] S. Barabino, J. Horwath-Winter, E. M. Messmer, M. Rolando, P. Aragona, and S. Kinoshita, “The role of systemic and topical fatty acids for dry eye treatment,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res., vol. 61, pp. 23–34, 2017.
[16] M. Pellegrini et al., “The role of nutrition and nutritional supplements in ocular surface diseases,” Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 952, 2020.
[17] E. M. Messmer, “The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dry eye disease,” Dtsch. Arztebl. Int., vol. 112, no. 5, p. 71, 2015.
[18] S. C. Pflugfelder and C. S. de Paiva, “The pathophysiology of dry eye disease: what we know and future directions for research,” Ophthalmology, vol. 124, no. 11, pp. S4–S13, 2017.
[19] M. Yazdani, K. B. P. Elgstøen, H. Rootwelt, A. Shahdadfar, Ø. A. Utheim, and T. P. Utheim, “Tear metabolomics in dry eye disease: a review,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 20, no. 15, p. 3755, 2019.
[20] W. Stevenson, S. K. Chauhan, and R. Dana, “Dry eye disease: an immune-mediated ocular surface disorder,” Arch. Ophthalmol., vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 90–100, 2012.
[21] H. Lam, L. Bleiden, C. S. De Paiva, W. Farley, M. E. Stern, and S. C. Pflugfelder, “Tear cytokine profiles in dysfunctional tear syndrome,” Am. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 147, no. 2, pp. 198–205, 2009.
[22] F. Brignole‐Baudouin et al., “A multicentre, double‐masked, randomized, controlled trial assessing the effect of oral supplementation of omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids on a conjunctival inflammatory marker in dry eye patients,” Acta Ophthalmol., vol. 89, no. 7, pp. e591–e597, 2011.
[23] K. G. Boboridis et al., “Patient-reported burden and overall impact of dry eye disease across eight European countries: a cross-sectional web-based survey,” BMJ Open, vol. 13, no. 3, p. e067007, 2023.
[24] M. E. Johnson and P. J. Murphy, “Changes in the tear film and ocular surface from dry eye syndrome,” Prog. Retin. Eye Res., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 449–474, 2004.
[25] D. Kopacz, Ł. Niezgoda, E. Fudalej, A. Nowak, and P. Maciejewicz, “Tear film–physiology and disturbances in various diseases and disorders,” Ocul. Surf. Dis. Curr. Date Tear Film Probl. Keratoconic Diagnosis, pp. 137–144, 2020.
[26] M. Labetoulle, M. Rolando, C. Baudouin, and G. van Setten, “Patients’ perception of DED and its relation with time to diagnosis and quality of life: an international and multilingual survey,” Br. J. Ophthalmol., 101(8):1100-1105, 2017.
[27] J. A. P. Gomes and R. M. Santo, “The impact of dry eye disease treatment on patient satisfaction and quality of life: A review,” Ocul. Surf., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 9–19, 2019.
[28] J. P. McCulley, W. E. Shine, J. Aronowicz, D. Oral, and J. Vargas, “Presumed hyposecretory/hyperevaporative KCS: tear characteristics.,” Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc., vol. 101, p. 141, 2003.
[29] H. Nakamura, A. Kawakami, and K. Eguchi, “Mechanisms of autoantibody production and the relationship between autoantibodies and the clinical manifestations in Sjögren’s syndrome,” Transl. Res., vol. 148, no. 6, pp. 281–288, 2006.
[30] Y. Okumura et al., “A review of dry eye questionnaires: measuring patient-reported outcomes and health-related quality of life,” Diagnostics, vol. 10, no. 8, p. 559, 2020.
[31] W. B. Jackson, “Management of dysfunctional tear syndrome: a Canadian consensus,” Can. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 385–394, 2009.
[32] Y. Wu et al., “Advances in dry eye disease examination techniques,” Front. Med., vol. 8, p. 826530, 2022.
[33] D. Epidemiology, “Subcommittee. The epidemiology of dry eye disease: Report of the epidemiology subcommittee of the international dry eye workshop (2007),” Ocul Surf, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 93–107, 2007.
[34] L. E. Downie, S. M. Ng, K. B. Lindsley, and E. K. Akpek, “Omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for dry eye disease,” Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., no. 12, 2019.
[35] B. Kapoor, D. Kapoor, S. Gautam, R. Singh, and S. Bhardwaj, “Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): Uses and potential health benefits,” Curr. Nutr. Rep., vol. 10, pp. 232–242, 2021.
[36] Y. Wang et al., “Does omega-3 PUFAs supplementation improve metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular diseases? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,” Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., pp. 1–28, 2023.
[37] I. M. Dighriri et al., “Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on brain functions: a systematic review,” Cureus, vol. 14, no. 10, 2022.
[38] R. Avallone, G. Vitale, and M. Bertolotti, “Omega-3 fatty acids and neurodegenerative diseases: new evidence in clinical trials,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 20, no. 17, p. 4256, 2019.
[39] F. Shahidi and P. Ambigaipalan, “Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their health benefits,” Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol., vol. 9, pp. 345–381, 2018.
[40] M. Arita et al., “Resolvin E1, an endogenous lipid mediator derived from omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid, protects against 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 102, no. 21, pp. 7671–7676, 2005.
[41] C. Cipollina, “Endogenous generation and signaling actions of omega-3 fatty acid electrophilic derivatives,” Biomed Res. Int., vol. 2015, 2015.
[42] N. I. H. Omega, “Fatty Acids–Fact Sheet for Health Professionals.” NIH, 3AD.
[43] G. Rizzo, L. Baroni, and M. Lombardo, “Promising sources of plant-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids: A narrative review,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 1683, 2023.
[44] H. Duan, W. Song, J. Zhao, and W. Yan, “Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): Sources, Digestion, Absorption, Application and Their Potential Adjunctive Effects on Visual Fatigue,” Nutrients, vol. 15, no. 11, p. 2633, 2023.
[45] M. Thompson et al., “Omega-3 fatty acid intake by age, gender, and pregnancy status in the United States: National health and nutrition examination survey 2003–2014,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 177, 2019.
[46] M. I. Martínez-Martínez, A. Alegre-Martínez, and O. Cauli, “Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids intake in children: the role of family-related social determinants,” Nutrients, vol. 12, no. 11, p. 3455, 2020.
[47] P. Gareri, “Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Elderly: A Review,” OBM Geriatr., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1–28, 2022.
[48] H. Jiang et al., “Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish intake and risk of age-related macular degeneration,” Clin. Nutr., vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 5662–5673, 2021.
[49] X. Zhang, J. A. Ritonja, N. Zhou, B. E. Chen, and X. Li, “Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intake and blood pressure: a dose‐response meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials,” J. Am. Heart Assoc., vol. 11, no. 11, p. e025071, 2022.
[50] A. C. Skulas-Ray et al., “Omega-3 fatty acids for the management of hypertriglyceridemia: a science advisory from the American Heart Association,” Circulation, vol. 140, no. 12, pp. e673–e691, 2019.
[51] J. P.-C. Chang et al., “Safety of supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,” Adv. Nutr., 14(6):1326-1336, 2023.
[52] N. Erdinest, H. Ovadia, R. Kormas, and A. Solomon, “Anti-inflammatory effects of resolvin-D1 on human corneal epithelial cells: in vitro study,” J. Inflamm., vol. 11, pp. 1–11, 2014.
[53] U. Hampel, M. Krüger, C. Kunnen, F. Garreis, M. Willcox, and F. Paulsen, “In vitro effects of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid on human meibomian gland epithelial cells,” Exp. Eye Res., vol. 140, pp. 139–148, 2015.
[54] J.-Y. Hyon and S.-B. Han, “The protective effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids against dry eye disease: a literature review,” Appl. Sci., vol. 11, no. 10, p. 4519, 2021.
[55] G. Giannaccare et al., “Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for treatment of dry eye disease: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials,” Cornea, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 565–573, 2019.
[56] C. O’Byrne and M. O’Keeffe, “Omega‐3 fatty acids in the management of dry eye disease—An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis,” Acta Ophthalmol., vol. 101, no. 2, pp. e118–e134, 2023.
[57] S. D. Walter, K. Gronert, A. L. McClellan, R. C. Levitt, K. D. Sarantopoulos, and A. Galor, “ω-3 tear film lipids correlate with clinical measures of dry eye,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 2472–2478, 2016.
[58] S. Viau et al., “Efficacy of a 2-month dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids in dry eye induced by scopolamine in a rat model,” Graefe’s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., vol. 247, pp. 1039–1050, 2009.
[59] C. Schnebelen et al., “Nutrition for the eye: different susceptibility of the retina and the lacrimal gland to dietary omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation,” Ophthalmic Res., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 216–224, 2009.
[60] A. Alhatem, B. Cavalcanti, and P. Hamrah, “In vivo confocal microscopy in dry eye disease and related conditions,” in Seminars in ophthalmology, 2012, vol. 27, no. 5–6, pp. 138–148.
[61] H. R. Chinnery, C. Naranjo Golborne, and L. E. Downie, “Omega‐3 supplementation is neuroprotective to corneal nerves in dry eye disease: a pilot study,” Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt., vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 473–481, 2017.
[62] J. C. Wojtowicz, I. Butovich, E. Uchiyama, J. Aronowicz, S. Agee, and J. P. McCulley, “Pilot, prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial of an omega-3 supplement for dry eye,” Cornea, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 308–314, 2011.
[63] H. Kangari et al., “Short-term consumption of oral omega-3 and dry eye syndrome,” Ophthalmology, vol. 120, no. 11, pp. 2191–2196, 2013.
[64] R. Bhargava, P. Kumar, H. Phogat, A. Kaur, and M. Kumar, “Oral omega-3 fatty acids treatment in computer vision syndrome related dry eye,” Contact Lens Anterior Eye, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 206–210, 2015.
[65] T. Kawakita, F. Kawabata, T. Tsuji, M. Kawashima, S. Shimmura, and K. Tsubota, “Effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil on dry eye syndrome subjects: randomized controlled trial,” Biomed. Res., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 215–220, 2013.
[66] R. Bhargava, M. Chandra, U. Bansal, D. Singh, S. Ranjan, and S. Sharma, “A randomized controlled trial of omega 3 fatty acids in rosacea patients with dry eye symptoms,” Curr. Eye Res., vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 1274–1280, 2016.
[67] M. S. Macsai, “The role of omega-3 dietary supplementation in blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction (an AOS thesis),” Trans. Am. Ophthalmol. Soc., vol. 106, p. 336, 2008.
[68] Y. J. Jo and J. S. Lee, “Effects of dietary high dose DHA omega-3 supplement in dry eye with meibomian gland dysfunction,” Int. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 14, no. 11, p. 1700, 2021.
[69] D. E. A. and M. S. R. Group, “n− 3 Fatty acid supplementation for the treatment of dry eye disease,” N. Engl. J. Med., vol. 378, no. 18, pp. 1681–1690, 2018.
[70] J. He and H. E. P. Bazan, “Omega-3 fatty acids in dry eye and corneal nerve regeneration after refractive surgery,” Prostaglandins, Leukot. Essent. Fat. Acids, vol. 82, no. 4–6, pp. 319–325, 2010.
[71] J. A. Hovanesian, S. S. Shah, and R. K. Maloney, “Symptoms of dry eye and recurrent erosion syndrome after refractive surgery,” J. Cataract Refract. Surg., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 577–584, 2001.
[72] J. C. Erie, J. W. McLaren, D. O. Hodge, and W. M. Bourne, “Recovery of corneal subbasal nerve density after PRK and LASIK,” Am. J. Ophthalmol., vol. 140, no. 6, pp. 1059–1064, 2005.
[73] R. Levi-Montalcini, “The nerve growth factor 35 years later,” Science (80-. )., vol. 237, no. 4819, pp. 1154–1162, 1987.
[74] N. Li, J. He, C. E. Schwartz, P. Gjorstrup, and H. E. P. Bazan, “Resolvin E1 improves tear production and decreases inflammation in a dry eye mouse model,” J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 431–439, 2010.